If we take motorbike Honda NC700 to make numbers
- 215Kg motorbike + 70kg pilot = 285kg
- Consumption is 4 liter per 100 kilometer.
- Density of gasoline 860 grams per liter.
Therefore the consumption is 3.44kg, an the energy of gasoline is 44Mega Joules per kg. If we take efficiency 30% to 50% in the engine.
Energy is 45.408 - 75.68 MJ to move 285Kgr about 100kms.
We take the worst case 75.68 MJ like reference.
In the post KERS I (Electric Generator/Motor), Energy recover is electric energy due to it is the most efficiency system to recover energy. However the electric energy has one problem, 1 Joules is the same that a 1 Watt per second 75.68 MJ is 75.68 MW in one second, Hoover Dam have turbines of the same power, but is this energy is no aplied in one second.
We suppose that we take this consumption with a average speed of 100km/h, therefore the energy is aplied in 3600seconds:
21kW in one hour is a value that we can manage.
If we see current batteries acid-lead with 12 V for this battery need aplied 1751 A, an this is a lot of current, normally this batteries could provide 60 - 80 A max in car or in motorbike 8A, therefore we need between 20 car batteries and with 10kg pero battery, we need 200kg in batteries acid-lead. This technology of batteries is obsolete.
The technologies with more future are
- Li-ion batteries
- Hydrogen
- Supercapacitor
Li-ion batteries
The most extended energy storage, due to of high energy and low weight, the first technologies used this energy source.
The lithium battery is light due to the lithium is light, and it provide the high capabilities of charge and discharge, but all is not perfect.
The advantages is:
- High energy storage respect are density.
- 2.5 years or 200 recharges like middle life (degradation).
- Expensive for great energies.
- Delicate if don´t used correctly, very constraints parameters of discharge and recharge.
- They can blow up if we don't manage correctly.
- Recharge time.
The energy density LiPo 175 Wh/kg (MultiStar High Capacity) there fore we need 120kg of bateries for 21kW/h such as I had calculated.
HydrogenA lot of people see the future fuel, it is clean, cheap, and abundant, and it has one attribute less known, it is 3 times more powerfull than gasoline, 120MJ per kilogram, and the octane is very high.
However it has a great problem, physical laws, the Gas laws, the fuel energy is measure in kilogram, the gasoline have a density of 860kg/m^3 but the hidrogen only it have 0.0899kg/m^3, near of ten thounsand less.
In other post I follow with this idea, Hydrogen like a fuel.
Hydrogen cell
Also they are knows as Fuel cell.
With I resume in few words, use the energy of hydrogen to create electricity, and this into of electric engine is double or triple more efficiency.
Therefore we need less hydrogen for creates movement and the reaction is reversible. the problem of this energy source is newer and it need more development.
The advantages is:
- High energy storage.
- A lot parameters of discharge and recharge.
- Low maintanance.
- Cheap fuel
- Low density, and high pressure for storage.
- High dangerous explosion probability in case of escape.
- Expensive (it is new technology but it will down the cost)
Supercapacitor
Supercapacitor is the same of normal capacitor, but it have storage a lot of the charge than others capacitor.
Its behaviour is storage current respet a one value that is the Capacitance, and this show as voltage a direct increase between voltage
The advantages is:
- A lot parameters of discharge and recharge.
- Low maintanance.
- Recharge time.
- Low energy storage if it is compared with other technologies.
- Leaks of charge, quick losse charge in funtion of time.
- New technology, it need more development
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